Hong Kong

Shanghai, China, 23 June 2025 — Global law firm Baker McKenzie and Chinese law firm FenXun, through the joint operation platform Baker McKenzie FenXun, have helped secure a landmark win for Rockit Global Limited (“Rockit”) in a trade dress infringement case in China. The case involved a dispute with a local company that was found to sell its apple products in a local fruit market using tube packaging and marks similar to Rockit's. The Zhejiang High People's Court ("Court") recognized the deliberate nature of the infringement and ruled that the defendant acted in bad faith by copying and imitating Rockit's intellectual property rights, thereby infringing upon Rockit's trade dress and trademark rights. Rockit's packaging design is characterized by a transparent cylindrical tube container that is precisely sized to fit their snack-sized apples. It features an elaborate combination of a red apple graphic, a rocket-shaped or leaf-like pattern, and distinctive design elements, all of which contribute to its unique and recognizable appearance, The Court's ruling has affirmed that Rockit's distinctive tube packaging has attained widespread recognition among Chinese consumers and has established a stable connection with the Rockit brand, thanks to extensive promotion and sales. As a result, it is protectable under the PRC Anti-Unfair Competition Law. Additionally, the Court noted that despite updates to Rockit's tube packaging, it has preserved a high degree of consistency, with no substantial alterations to the tube’s shape, overall design, pattern style, or color layout. As a result, the strong association between the tube packaging and the Rockit brand remains unaffected. This landmark decision is a major milestone for Rockit, as it sets a strong precedent for the legal protection over its unique packaging design. Meanwhile, this win adds to the growing list of victories that Baker McKenzie FenXun has secured for its clients in IP rights protection. The team was led by Baker McKenzie's IP Partner, Andrew Sim, and included core team members: Partner Zheng Zhou and Associate Jacqueline Wang of FenXun Partners. Commenting on the matter, Andrew Sim, said: "We couldn’t be more pleased to have supported Rockit in securing this landmark win in a case of great significance for the food industry, utilizing our extensive experience in assisting companies to safeguard their IP rights." Tom Lane, Rockit General Manager Commercial and General Counsel, says the snack sized apple brand is pleased with the result. "Unlike any other apple, Rockit™ apples are produced, distributed and marketed as a unique branded offering. With an ambition to become the world's favourite healthy snack, we drive innovation and fresh ideas across every part of our value chain. We are determined to protect our unique brand, and this decision provides valuable recognition of our IP rights as we work to address infringement activities around the world."

Independent Hong Kong law firm Hugill & Ip is delighted to announce the promotion of Raphael Wong to Partner, effective from 1st June. This well-deserved advancement recognises Raphael's exceptional contributions to the firm's family law and private client practices, where he has distinguished himself as an advocate for clients and a specialist in navigating complex matrimonial and children matters. A trusted expert in Family Law With extensive experience in high-conflict family disputes, Raphael Wong has developed a reputation as a capable and strategic family lawyer – often recognised as future star in many international legal directories. His practice encompasses all aspects of family law, with particular expertise in high-net-worth and complex financial proceedings, cross-border and custody disputes. Raphael is known for his insightful approach to sensitive matters, regularly advising on cases involving multijurisdictional assets, inheritance provisions for financial dependants, guardianship and mental capacity. His deep understanding of Hong Kong's family law framework, combined with his tactical negotiation skills, enables him to secure optimal outcomes whether through litigation or settlement. Beyond financial disputes, Raphael has built a robust practice in children law, handling contentious relocation applications, and cases involving parental alienation and adoption. His nuanced understanding of child welfare principles and his ability to navigate emotionally charged situations have made him a sought-after advisor for parents and guardians. Recognition from firm leadership Senior partners at Hugill & Ip have warmly endorsed Raphael's promotion, highlighting his legal prowess and dedication to clients. Caroline McNally, Partner & Head of Family Law highlighted: "Raphael's promotion is richly deserved. He combines razor-sharp legal analysis with genuine empathy for clients during what is often the most challenging period of their lives. His ability to distil complex financial scenarios into clear legal strategies is exceptional, and he has been at the centre of some of our most high-profile family cases." Alfred Ip, Partner & Head of Private Client added: "Raphael stands out as a lawyer who truly understands the human element behind every legal dispute. His promotion reflects not just his technical mastery of family law, but his ability to guide clients through emotionally fraught situations with wisdom and discretion." Adam Hugill, Managing Partner concluded: "Raphael embodies everything we value at Hugill & Ip – creative problem-solving, an unwavering commitment to client service and compelling advocacy. His elevation to partner strengthens our position as one of Hong Kong's premier family law and private client practices." Professional standing and community engagement Raphael Wong's expertise is frequently sought by media outlets commenting on developments in Hong Kong family law. He has been quoted in publications, such as Hong Kong Economic Times and Ming Pao Daily, on issues ranging from prenuptial agreements to the recognition of foreign divorces in Hong Kong courts. An active member of the legal community, Raphael regularly contributes to professional development initiatives and pro bono work. His thought leadership extends to writing on emerging trends in cross-border family disputes and children matters. What sets Raphael apart is his ability to balance robust advocacy with practical solutions. Clients appreciate his straightforward advice, calm approach and his commitment to achieving resolutions that protect both their legal rights and personal wellbeing. His promotion reflects the firm's confidence in his ability to continue delivering this high standard of representation. As Hugill & Ip continues to expand its family law practice, Raphael's promotion ensures the firm remains at the forefront of Hong Kong's family law landscape. His combination of technical expertise and client-focused service perfectly aligns with the firm's commitment to providing practical and compassionate legal solutions for complex family matters.

It’s thrilling to share some exciting news – Hugill & Ip is moving! A new week, a new day: everyone at the firm be settling into our new home on an entire floor of Six Pacific Place, part of the Swire Properties portfolio. This move represents more than just a change of address. It's about creating a space that truly reflects who Hugill & Ip is as a firm – one that blends professional excellence with personal connections. A space designed with purpose Hugill & Ip partnered with Area-17 Architecture & Interiors, the renowned Italian design studio founded in Florence, to craft an office that tells our story. With their international perspective (from their roots in Italy to projects across Asia) and keen understanding of how spaces shape interactions, they've helped the firm create something unique. The design subtly weaves together: Italian elegance with Hong Kong's dynamic energy of its icons Warm, approachable materials that feel both professional and welcoming Smart, sustainable solutions that align with Swire Properties' commitments to ESG standards "It's been fascinating to see how Area-17 translated our firm's personality into physical space," shares Adam Hugill. "They understood immediately that we wanted somewhere that would feel both impressive and inviting – where serious work happens but never feels stuffy. The move isn’t just about aesthetics: it’s a strategic step forward. With room for expanding teams, advanced tech integrations, and client-friendly meeting spaces, the new office is designed to support Hugill & Ip’s next phase of growth." Why this matters For those who've worked with the firm before, you'll find the same Hugill & Ip approach – just in a space that better supports how they serve clients and their own workforce: Thoughtful meeting areas designed for real conversation, not just formal presentations Spaces that adapt to how you want to work – whether that's a quiet discussion or a collaborative session All the little touches (yes, including proper coffee) that make working together a pleasure As Caroline McNally puts it: "The best legal solutions come from really understanding people – and now we'll have a space that helps those connections happen naturally. The design team and   contractors that lead the project helped us create somewhere that's unmistakably professional but doesn't take itself too seriously." The Hugill & Ip approach  As Alfred Ip expressed: “What sets us apart? For years, we've built lasting relationships through our work in both corporate and private client matters - not by offering cookie-cutter solutions, but by truly understanding what each client needs. Our team thrives on tackling challenges with creativity and collaboration, always putting relationships first. This move is the natural next step in that journey - a space designed to reflect how we work best: intelligently, personally, and with genuine care for every case.” A new place to foster collaboration! Rather than a traditional grand opening, Hugill & Ip will be hosting a series of small personal gatherings in the coming months. Because after all, that's how the best relationships are built – through real conversations in comfortable spaces. Watch this space for upcoming events the firm is planning to host in the next few months – the whole team can't wait to welcome everyone to their new home and show you the new Hugill & Ip Dragon Gate!

Growing from USD 700 billion in 2023 to USD 3.2 trillion by 2030, the XaaS (Anything as a Service) market signifies a monumental shift in global business operations.[1] XaaS, short for “Anything as a Service”,encompasses a vast array of subscription and pay-per-use offerings delivered via the cloud—providing consumers with unmatched flexibility, scalability, and accessibility. However, while a surge in XaaS investments promises new revenue streams, it also introduces significant legal challenges for consumers. Dissecting the dual-edged nature of XaaS, we first underscore its transformative impact on businesses in the service economy; we then delve into the legal and regulatory obstacles, such as data privacy compliance, intellectual property ownership, and contractual complexities that must be overcome by consumers. With XaaS evolving into a mega-trend, legal practitioners must move beyond mere compliance, positioning themselves as strategic partners to help businesses thrive in this dynamic and uncertain terrain. Business Boon: How XaaS Transforms Performance Flexibility, Scalability, and Accessibility XaaS is singularly advantageous for startups and SMEs, providing access to advanced, enterprise-grade tools without significant upfront investments, which enables better budget and cash flow management. XaaS spans a broad spectrum of models—from Software as a Service (SaaS) to emerging concepts like AI-as-a-Service (AIaaS) and Vertical SaaS tailored to specific industries. These models enable businesses to scale resources up or down based on demand, replacing large upfront capital expenditures (CapEx) with predictable and scalable operational expenditures (OpEx). For example, AI-as-a-Service platforms allow businesses to leverage machine learning algorithms for fraud detection, customer analytics, and operational efficiency without the need to invest in costly specialized infrastructure. Similarly, Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) providers eliminate the need for on-premises infrastructure, offering scalable cloud computing solutions on a pay-per-use basis. Industry-driven Innovation Emerging models like Vertical SaaS are revolutionizing industries by delivering tailored solutions. Unlike generic SaaS platforms, Vertical SaaS caters to the specific needs of sectors such as automotive, manufacturing, and telecommunications. In the automotive sector, Vertical SaaS platforms support real-time fleet management while ensuring compliance with cybersecurity standards. In telecommunications, SaaS solutions enable scalable network infrastructure optimized for 5G deployment. These tailored solutions lower barriers to innovation, enhance workflow efficiency, and increase competitiveness. However, this very customization also introduces industry-specific legal complexities. Legal Challenges of XaaS: Why They Matter While XaaS offers immense commercial potential, unresolved legal risks could undermine its benefits. 1. Data Privacy and Security Storing and transferring sensitive data across multiple jurisdictions exposes XaaS services to significant compliance challenges, especially with varying global regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation[2] (“GDPR”). The cross-border nature of these services often involves opaque and intensifying scrutiny over data handling practices, leaving businesses vulnerable to penalties and reputational damage. In the landmark Schrems II decision[3], the European Court of Justice invalidated the EU-US Privacy Shield, which had previously facilitated cross-border data transfers between the EU and the US, leaving businesses working urgently to comply with the GDPR. For XaaS consumers, this means stricter scrutiny over how and where their data is stored. Non-compliance with GDPR can result in fines of up to 4% of global turnover[4], alongside reputational damage and loss of customer trust. For businesses in highly regulated industries like finance, the risks are more pronounced. Failure to meet privacy standards may expose sensitive customer data, disrupt operations and lead to costly litigation— the stakes are high. The Capital One Data Breach Litigation[5] further demonstrates these vulnerabilities. A misconfigured firewall in a cloud environment exposed millions of customer records, triggering questions about the shared responsibility model between XaaS providers and consumers. Data is the lifeblood of modern businesses. Without legal safeguards, businesses face disproportionate risks when providers fail to ensure adequate security controls that could jeopardize their reputation and bottom line. Practical Legal Solutions: i. Incorporate Robust Data Protection Clauses: Contracts should specify safeguards like encryption, regular security audits, data localization, breach notification protocols, and clearly state who owns the data. Employing Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) can facilitate compliance with GDPR for cross-border data transfers. ii. Strengthen Vendor Accountability: Contracts should impose strict obligations on third-party vendors and suppliers to implement robust cybersecurity practices, restrict third parties’ access to sensitive data and adhere to applicable regulations. This ensures that businesses are protected from vulnerabilities introduced through third-party relationships. iii. Allocate Liability for Data Breaches: Indemnification clauses should hold XaaS providers accountable for security failures. High-profile cases like the Capital One breach demonstrate the critical importance of clearly allocating liability in contracts, ensuring providers are responsible for damages caused by negligence or non-compliance. 2. Intellectual Property Ownership Intellectual property ownership is a key issue and critically important in XaaS agreements. Unlike traditional software licenses, XaaS agreements often allow service providers to retain rights to derivative works or customizations developed for clients, potentially blurring the boundaries of IP ownership between creators and users. Intellectual property is often a business’s most valuable asset. Yet, ambiguities in XaaS agreements could greatly erode a company’s ability to monetize its business innovations, weaken its competitive edge, and trigger costly lawsuits. In SAS Institute Inc. v. World Programming Ltd.[6], the European Court of Justice held that replicating software functionality, such as syntax formats and output design styles, without copying source code, did not infringe copyright. This highlights that laws in copyright alone cannot provide adequate protection to functionality in XaaS. Further, limitations in copyright laws to protect software was demonstrated in another copyright infringement case, Google LLC v. Oracle America., Inc.[7] Although the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Google’s use of Oracle’s APIs constituted “fair use” due to its transformative nature and its role in fostering innovation, the case highlights potential IP ownership issues when there is an integration of  third-party software or APIs, particularly when XaaS agreements are vague or silent on these usage rights. Further, in Oysterware Ltd v Intentor Ltd and others[8], the Hight Court highlighted that a copyright infringement claim must clearly identify the aspects of the software application in which copyright protection is claimed, and the way its copyright was infringed upon. If the software is purely an adaptation of off-the-shelf software toolkits, it is challenging to establish subsistence and infringement of copyright. Therefore, the Plaintiff’s copyright infringement claim was dismissed. Practical Legal Solutions: i. Negotiate Clear Ownership of Customization and Derivative Works: When businesses rely on XaaS platforms to develop proprietary materials, contracts must clearly define ownership of IP created on XaaS platforms. For instance, a telecommunications company using a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) solution to create network optimization software should secure exclusive rights to the resulting IP. ii. Incorporate Industry-Specific IP Protections: Different industries face unique IP challenges, and agreements should address these concerns. In technology, media, and telecommunications (TMT), contracts should focus on safeguarding monetizable innovations and licensing rights. In manufacturing, agreements must secure ownership of operational data generated by XaaS platforms to protect strategic assets. Tailoring IP clauses to industry-specific priorities mitigate risks and aligns contracts with business objectives. 3. Contractual Complexity in Service-Level Agreements (SLAs) SLAs, the backbone of XaaS contracts, define performance metrics, uptime guarantees, and remedies for non-compliance between XaaS users and service providers. However, vague or overly technical SLAs expose businesses to substantial risks. The notorious 2020 Amazon Web Services (AWS) outage, which was caused by a failure in its Kinesis service, basically brought down the internet and disrupted the operations of major platforms like Netflix and Spotify. It illustrates how a single failure on the part of cloud providers can massively cripple business operations, resulting in a major loss in revenue for consumers. Fundamentally, contractual remedies limited to service credits often fail to compensate for the full extent of financial or reputational losses, as well as ensuring operational continuity. If SLAs are weakly negotiated and service-level obligations are unclear, businesses may struggle to enforce uptime guarantees or secure meaningful remedies for prolonged outages. On the other hand, in Delta Air Lines, Inc. v CrowdStrike, Inc.[9], SLAs with clearly defined service-level obligations help mitigate service providers from suffering financial losses. The case involves an incident which caused a cancellation of 7,000 flights within the five days following an IT outage. However, it was difficult to fully prove service providers liable for the outage due to protections such as clearly defined liability caps in the SLAs. Therefore, even if Delta Air Lines succeeded in the action, it may only be compensated with nominal damages, which was possibly outweighed by the legal and judicial costs of pursuing after the service provider. Practical Legal Solutions: i. Enforce Clear Performance Metrics with balanced terms: SLAs may include well-defined, measurable terms for service levels, such as “99.99% uptime guarantees”, response times, availability, data recovery timelines, and capacity thresholds. At the same time, SLAs should reflect commercial priorities by inserting liability caps, termination rights, and remedies that go beyond service credits to adequately compensating for financial or reputational losses, particularly for mission-critical services. ii. Employ Seamless Exit Strategies: Contracts must include provisions for data migration and operational continuity upon termination, ensuring businesses can transition to alternative providers without disruption. iii. Address Subcontractor Risks: To avoid liability gaps, subcontractors must adhere to consistent obligations, including performance standards and data protection measures, as outlined in the SLA. Emerging Trends in XaaS As XaaS continues to redefine the business landscape, legal practitioners representing consumers are playing an increasing role in tackling challenges from emerging trends, shaping the future of the industry: i. AI-as-a-Service (AIaaS): AI-driven XaaS platforms present risks including algorithmic biases and errors in automated decision-making, which may lead to legal challenges, such as biased hiring algorithms under employment law. Legal practitioners should shift from relying on indemnity clauses to adopting proactive measures, ensuring that AIaaS providers not only offer comprehensive documentation for transparency in AI processes, covering algorithm functions and data ethics, but also provide educational training and support for end-users. This holds AIaaS providers accountable for any unfair outcomes, ultimately protecting consumers’ interests. ii. Sustainability and ESG: With growing emphasis on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) goals for corporates, businesses may demand sustainable practices from their XaaS providers. To meet consumer and investor expectations, legal practitioners may incorporate provisions that promote ESG compliance, requiring providers to report on environmental impact metrics (e.g. energy consumption, carbon emissions, resource optimization, and waste reduction). iii. Multi-Cloud and Dynamic Pricing Models: As businesses embrace multi-cloud and hybrid environments to avoid vendor lock-in, XaaS providers must ensure seamless integration across platforms. These setups also bring unpredictable costs due to dynamic pricing models based on usage. To prevent cost overruns, legal practitioners should negotiate clear pricing structures, caps on variable fees, and transparency in cost escalations, while also addressing interoperability and service continuity to manage multi-cloud complexities. The Road Ahead: A Strategic Imperative XaaS is more than a technological innovation—it is a paradigm shift in how businesses increasingly operate in the digitalisation and servitisation of the economy. However, the promise of flexibility, scalability, and accessibility comes with significant risks that must be resolved through commercially-oriented legal solutions. Ultimately, XaaS is a double-edged sword. Through mitigating issues in data privacy, intellectual property and crafting airtight SLAs, legal practitioners play a pivotal role in shaping a more balanced XaaS ecosystem — one that not only captures key commercial opportunities, but manages risks, maintains integrity, and maximizes resilience. Author: Jacqueline Kwong Footnote [1]  https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/everything-as-a-service-xaas-market-102096 [2] Regulation (EU) No. 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 laying down the General Data Protection Regulation [2016] OJ L119 [3] Case C-311/18, Data Protection Commissioner v Facebook Ireland and Maximillian Schrems, ECLI:EU:C:2020:559 (July 16, 2020). [4] https://gdpr-info.eu/issues/fines-penalties/ [5] re Capital One Consumer Data Security Breach Litigation MDL No.1:19md2915 (AJT/JFA) (E.D. Va. Jun. 25, 2020) [6] Case C-406/10, ECLI:EU:C:2012:259 (2 May 2012) [7] 141 S. Ct. 1183 [2021] [8] Oysterware Ltd v Intentor Ltd and others [2020] EWHC 2125 (Ch) [9] Case 24CV013621 (Ga.Super. 25 Oct 2024)